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| Hughenden Manor ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Hughenden Manor
Hughenden Manor is a red brick Victorian mansion, located in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England. In the 19th century, it was the country house of the Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield. Today, it is owned by the National Trust and fully open to the public.
The house sits on the brow of the hill to the west of the main A4128 road that links Hughenden to High Wycombe (Ordnance survey reference 165:SU866955).
== History ==
The manor of Hughenden is first recorded in 1086, when formerly part of Queen Edith's lands it was held by William, son of Oger the Bishop of Bayeux, and was assessed for tax at 10 hides. After his forfeiture, the lands were held by the Crown, until King Henry I of England gifted the lands to his chamberlain and treasurer, Geoffrey de Clinton.〔 Clinton, whose main home was in Kenilworth, Warwickshire, had the lands tenanted by Geoffrey de Sancto Roerio, who resultantly changed his surname to the Anglicised ''Hughenden''.〔 After passing through that family, with successive Kings having to confirm the gifting of the lands, the manor returned to the Crown in the 14th century.〔 In 1539, the Crown granted the manor and lands to Sir Robert Dormer, and it passed through his family until 1737, when it was sold by Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield to Charles Savage.〔http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/bucks/vol3/pp57-62〕
After passing through his extended family following a series of deaths and resultant will bequeaths, by 1816 the manor and lands were owned by John Norris, a distinguished antiquary and scholar.〔 Isaac D'Israeli, the father of Benjamin Disraeli, British Prime Minister (1868 and 1874–1880, and Earl of Beaconsfield 1876), had for some time rented the nearby Bradenham Manor, and on Norris's death in 1845 bought the manor and lands from his executors in 1847,〔 with the help of a loan of £25,000 (equivalent to almost £1,500,000 today) from Lord Henry Bentinck and Lord Titchfield. This was because at the time, Disraeli as leader of the Conservative Party "it was essential to represent a county," and county members had to be landowners.〔Darwin Porter, Danforth Prince (''Frommer's England 2006'' ) pg. 243 Frommer's, Book&Map edition (2005) ISBN 0-7645-9540-7〕 Taking ownership of the manor on the death of his father in 1848, Disraeli and his wife Mary Anne, alternated between Hughenden and several homes in London.〔Robert Blake, ''Disraeli'', 250–253.〕
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